The article examines the evolution of the main features of the Russian economy in terms of the types of key actors of economic development. The concept of the general actor as the predominant type of relatively independent socio-economic subsystems that determine the impact on the functioning of the national economy is introduced. The movement of the economy from "the state economy" to "the economy of individuals" and further to "the economy of socioeconomic and administrative-political systems" is traced. The preconditions for the transition of the national economy to the phase of the systemic economy as the harmonic economy with high-level coordination of various-scale and various-quality subsystems of the economy and society are noted.
This article is the second part of the paper published in the previous issue of the journal. In the first part of the article we presented the basic problem of economic sustainability in the strategic perspective, from the viewpoint of the system economic theory. In the second part of the article we discuss the capabilities of this theory as a tool for analyzing the sustainability of the economy and its principal subsystems. We explore the potential of the four system sectors of the economy (object, project, process and environment) for stimulating its development and stabilization. A model for the distribution of role functions of the system sectors of the economy at various stages of the crisis cycle is proposed, ensuring the balanced development of the economy. The special role of its object sector as an active subsystem supporting the stability and diversification in the economy is explained. The multilayer structure of economic subjects is considered as the framework of the national economy, the development of which is especially important during the crisis and post-crisis stages of the crisis cycle. Therefore, the need to strengthen the subject framework of the economy is highlighted, paying particular attention to industries as the subjects of mesoeconomy. On the basis of that, reforms in the organization of government and management are suggested, and recommendations are formulated on the major principles of economic policy regarding the sustainability of the national economy.
The basic principles of economic sustainability are considered in the article from a strategic perspective, from the viewpoint of the system economic theory. The article consists of two parts. In the first part the concept of the dynamics of a national economy is portrayed as a recurring cycle of four phases of development: crisis, post-crisis, inter-crisis, and pre-crisis. The movement between the stages is synchronized with the changes in the role functions (leadership, opposition, neutrality, support) of the four principal macro subsystems of the economy and the sequence of phases of the life cycle of subsystems (maturity, renovation, formation, development). We consider as the key subsystems of economy (in the wider sense of the word): economic theory, socio-economic policy, management of the economy and economic practice (real economy). A new model of the distribution of roles of subsystems at various stages of the crisis cycle of the economy is proposed, allowing, during the formation of socio-economic strategy, for the consideration of the maximum potential of each subsystem and for identifying possible regulatory levers, affecting the duration of various stages of the crisis cycle of the economy. In the second part of the article the capabilities of the system economic theory in the analysis of economic sustainability and its principal subsystems are elaborated on; and the potential impact of the four system sectors of the economy (object, project, process, environment) on the development and stabilization of the economy will be analyzed, on this basis measures are proposed to ensure system economic sustainability.
The article analyzes the results of the jubilee X International Symposium on Evolutionary Economics "The Evolution of Economic Theory: Reproduction, Technology, Institutions". The main scientific and organizational challenges in the field of evolutionary economics are discussed, promising areas of development of the evolutionary paradigm and related institutional and system paradigms are determined.
Requirements for the economy as a subsystem of society are examined in the article, based on the analysis and development of the four-element model of society as the arena of interaction between state, socium, economy and business. Using the results of the new theory of socio-economic systems, we define the quality that the economy should have to meet the demands placed upon it by other macro-level subsystems. Among these qualities — diversification of the economy with respect to workplaces and business opportunities provided by implementing investment projects.
In this article the concept of system economics — a new direction in economic theory based on a view of economic processes as the creation, operation, interaction and transformation of economic systems — has been developed. The co-ordinated basic typology of economic systems, goods, processes, and management operations, which allows to represent economy functioning as a structural model of economic goods circulation, has been proposed. Potential directions of system economics application as a conceptual platform for progress in solving current tasks of modern economic theory have been defined.
Modern economic science and its explanatory potential with regard to Russian realities are experiencing an obvious crisis. The search for new solutions - not only in the economic plane, but also in the interdisciplinary aspect - is the subject of reflections by the author of the monograph under review.
The results of development of the new economic systems theory are applied to the problem of investigating resources of economy. It is shown that under the traditional approach to an economic resource as a totality of labor, capital, natural resource and entrepreneurial activity the forces, which connect these resources in systems capable to productive economic activities, are often left outside the analysis. That is why the concept of a system resource of economy as a totality of working and potential economic systems uniting traditional factors of production is introduced and investigated. The natural structure of a system resource is determined; its division into four kinds is grounded depending on features of economic systems comprising it. Requirements to system management as to management of a system resource of economy are formulated.
The paper prepared in connection with the publication of the article by M. Lokshin discusses some central issues of the methodology, technique and interpretation of results of economic research. Structuring the corpus of studies is offered depending on the degree of using empirical, phenomenological and theoretical knowledge of the investigated phenomenon. On the basis of the analysis of typical processes of modeling socio-economic phenomena the conclusion is made about the significant influence of subjective and tool assumptions on the results of modeling that complicates their simple interpretation. The necessity of publishing the full spectrum of scientific articles - from critical reviews and essays to empirical calculations - in each field of research including poverty studies is grounded.
In 1987 K. Arrow suggested to define the theory of economic behavior of individual economic agents in market or nonmarket conditions as nanoeconomics. In 1996 we considered nanoeconomics for the first time as an independent branch of the economic theory and as a description of special condition of the Russian economy ("economy of physical persons"). In the given paper features of nanoeconomics in comparison with micro-, meso-, and macroeconomics are investigated, characteristics of the Russian economy essential from the nanoeconomic point of view are analyzed. It is shown that the stage of the "economy of physical persons" in the modified form still exists in Russia up to this day.
